使用 Nginx 缓存加速 WordPress 博客站点

PetitQ 宿主/Service 2022-4-27 932 0 0

通常博客类型的小站，主要记录学习和使用过程中遇到的问题及解决方案。文章风格偏向自娱自乐，因此访问量较少，一台 1 核 1G 的 vps 足以支撑网站的正常运行。用的 WordPress 程序，尝试过安装各种缓存插件（super cache, w3 total cache 等）加速运行，但是低配的 vps 依然难以支持这么大的访问量。通过日志可以看到随着访问量的增加，php-fpm 进程增多，Mysql 的连接和线程增多，接着出现 OOM，然后系统 kill 掉占用内存最大的 Mysql 进程，于是网站进入 503 宕机模式。

买更好的 vps 能解决访问量大的问题，但是要花更多的钱。做为一个技术宅，首先想到的当然是如何榨干现有机器来支撑大流量。做过的尝试包括切换到比 WordPress 性能更好的 Ghost，参考：尝试 Ghost。但是相对于 WordPress，Ghost 的生态远没有那么成熟，最终放弃了。

也想出现在这里？联系我们吧

左思右想下，终极解决办法是用 Nginx 缓存，最初的文章可参考：Nginx 配置 fastcgi cache。fastcgi_cache 的好处是大部分用户的请求不用后端 php-fpm 打交道，直接发送缓存的静态页面，速度上甩各种 WordPress 插件好几条街！相比之下 wordpress 的各种插件还要执行 php，也避免不了访问数据库，弱爆了！

自从使用了 nginx 缓存，网站平稳运行，再也没有出现过宕机的现象。同时 vps 的 cpu 和内存占用率直线下降，再也无需担心 vps 的配置问题，感觉再来 10 倍流量博客也撑得住！

因为 nginx 稳如狗的体验，所以现在对于博客类读多写少的产品都是强推 nginx 缓存（fastcgi 缓存或者 proxy 缓存）。鉴于可能帮到一些网友，现贴出 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 配置文件供网友参考（包含 ssl 设置和 gzip 部分）：

```
# 文件： /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
```
```
 
```

# For more information on configuration, see:

```
 
```

#   * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/

```
 
```

#   * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/

```
 
```
```
 
```
```
 
```
```
user nginx;
```
```
 
```
```
worker_processes auto;
```
```
 
```
```
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
```
```
 
```
```
pid /run/nginx.pid;
```
```
 
```
```
 
```
```
 
```

# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/nginx/README.dynamic.

```
 
```

include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;

```
 
```
```
 
```
```
 
```
```
events {
```
```
 
```
```
    worker_connections 1024;
```
```
 
```
```
}
```
```
 
```
```
 
```
```
 
```
```
http {
```
```
 
```

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

```
 
```

                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

```
 
```

                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for" "$request_time"';

```
 
```
```
 
```
```
 
```

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main buffer=32k flush=30s;

```
 
```
```
 
```
```
 
```
```
    server_tokens       off;
```
```
 
```
```
    client_max_body_size 100m;
```
```
 
```
```
 
```
```
 
```
```
    sendfile            on;
```
```
 
```
```
    tcp_nopush          on;
```
```
 
```
```
    tcp_nodelay         on;
```
```
 
```
```
    keepalive_timeout   65;
```
```
 
```
```
    types_hash_max_size 2048;
```
```
 
```
```
 
```
```
 
```

    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;

```
 
```

    default_type        application/octet-stream;

```
 
```
```
 
```
```
 
```
```
    # ssl配置
```
```
 
```
```
    ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
```
```
 
```

    ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA512:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA512:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384;

```
 
```
```
    ssl_ecdh_curve secp384r1;
```
```
 
```
```
    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
```
```
 
```
```
    ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
```
```
 
```
```
    ssl_session_timeout 10m;
```
```
 
```
```
    ssl_session_tickets off;
```
```
 
```

    ssl_stapling on; # Requires nginx >= 1.3.7

```
 
```

    ssl_stapling_verify on; # Requires nginx => 1.3.7

```
 
```

    add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000; preload";

```
 
```
```
    #add_header X-Frame-Options DENY;
```
```
 
```

    add_header X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN;

```
 
```

    add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;

```
 
```

    add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";

```
 
```
```
 
```
```
 
```
```
    # 请按照自己的需求更改
```
```
 
```

    fastcgi_cache_path /var/cache/nginx/22vd levels=1:2 keys_zone=22vd:10m inactive=30m use_temp_path=off;

```
 
```

    fastcgi_cache_key $request_method$scheme$host$request_uri;

```
 
```

    # note: can also use HTTP headers to form the cache key, e.g.

```
 
```

    #fastcgi_cache_key $scheme$request_method$host$request_uri$http_x_custom_header;

```
 
```
```
    #fastcgi_cache_lock on;
```
```
 
```

    fastcgi_cache_use_stale error timeout invalid_header updating http_500;

```
 
```

    fastcgi_cache_valid 200 301 302 10h;

```
 
```
```
    fastcgi_cache_valid 404 10m;
```
```
 
```

    fastcgi_ignore_headers Expires Set-Cookie Vary;

```
 
```
```
 
```
```
 
```
```
    # gzip 配置
```
```
 
```
```
    gzip on;
```
```
 
```
```
    gzip_min_length  1k;
```
```
 
```
```
    gzip_buffers     4 16k;
```
```
 
```
```
    gzip_comp_level 7;
```
```
 
```
```
    gzip_types
```
```
 
```
```
        text/css
```
```
 
```
```
        text/plain
```
```
 
```
```
        text/javascript
```
```
 
```
```
        application/javascript
```
```
 
```
```
        application/json
```
```
 
```
```
        application/x-javascript
```
```
 
```
```
        application/xml
```
```
 
```
```
        application/xml+rss
```
```
 
```
```
        application/xhtml+xml
```
```
 
```
```
        application/x-font-ttf
```
```
 
```
```
        application/x-font-opentype
```
```
 
```
```
        application/vnd.ms-fontobject
```
```
 
```
```
        image/svg+xml
```
```
 
```
```
        image/x-icon
```
```
 
```
```
        application/rss+xml
```
```
 
```
```
        application/atom_xml
```
```
 
```
```
        image/jpeg
```
```
 
```
```
        image/gif
```
```
 
```
```
        image/png
```
```
 
```
```
        image/icon
```
```
 
```
```
        image/bmp
```
```
 
```
```
        image/jpg;
```
```
 
```
```
    gzip_vary on;
```
```
 
```
```
 
```
```
 
```

    # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.

```
 
```

    # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include

```
 
```
```
    # for more information.
```
```
 
```
```
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
```
```
 
```
```
}
```

以及用于 WordPress 站点的网站配置文件（/etc/nginx/conf.d/22vd.conf）:

```
server {
```
```
 
```
```
    listen 80;
```
```
 
```
```
    listen [::]:80;
```
```
 
```

    server_name www.22vd.coom 22vd.com; # 请换成自己的域名

```
 
```

    rewrite ^(.*) https://$server_name$1 permanent;

```
 
```
```
}
```
```
 
```
```
 
```
```
 
```
```
server {
```
```
 
```
```
    listen       443 ssl http2;
```
```
 
```
```
    listen       [::]:443 ssl http2;
```
```
 
```

    server_name www.22vd.coom 22vd.com; # 请换成自己的域名

```
 
```
```
    charset utf-8;
```
```
 
```

    ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/conf.d/22vd.pem;  # 请换成自己的证书和密钥

```
 
```

    ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/conf.d/22vd.key;

```
 
```
```
 
```
```
 
```

    set $host_path "/var/www/22vd";  # 请改成自己的路径

```
 
```

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/22vd.access.log  main buffer=32k flush=30s;

```
 
```

    error_log /var/log/nginx/22vd.error.log;

```
 
```
```
 
```
```
 
```
```
    root   $host_path;
```
```
 
```
```
 
```
```
 
```
```
    # 缓存标记
```
```
 
```
```
    set $skip_cache 0;
```
```
 
```
```
    if ($query_string != "") {
```
```
 
```
```
        set $skip_cache 1;
```
```
 
```
```
    }
```
```
 
```

    if ($request_uri ~* "/wp-admin/|/xmlrpc.php|wp-.*.php|/feed/|sitemap(_index)?.xml") {

```
 
```
```
        set $skip_cache 1;
```
```
 
```
```
    }
```
```
 
```
```
    # 登录用户或发表评论者
```
```
 
```

    if ($http_cookie ~* "comment_author|wordpress_[a-f0-9]+|wp-postpass|wordpress_no_cache|wordpress_logged_in") {

```
 
```
```
        set $skip_cache 1;
```
```
 
```
```
    }
```
```
 
```
```
 
```
```
 
```
```
    location = / {
```
```
 
```
```
        index  index.php index.html;
```
```
 
```

        try_files /index.php?$args /index.php?$args;

```
 
```
```
    }
```
```
 
```
```
 
```
```
 
```
```
    location / {
```
```
 
```
```
        index  index.php index.html;
```
```
 
```

        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$args;

```
 
```
```
    }
```
```
 
```
```
    location ~ ^/\.user\.ini {
```
```
 
```
```
            deny all;
```
```
 
```
```
    }
```
```
 
```
```
 
```
```
 
```
```
    location ~ \.php$ {
```
```
 
```
```
        try_files $uri =404;
```
```
 
```
```
        fastcgi_index index.php;
```
```
 
```
```
        fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
```
```
 
```
```
        fastcgi_cache 22vd;
```
```
 
```

        fastcgi_cache_valid 200 301 302 30m;

```
 
```
```
        fastcgi_cache_valid 404 10m;
```
```
 
```

        fastcgi_cache_bypass $skip_cache;

```
 
```
```
        fastcgi_no_cache $skip_cache;
```
```
 
```
```
        fastcgi_cache_lock on;
```
```
 
```
```
        include fastcgi_params;
```
```
 
```

        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

```
 
```
```
    }
```
```
 
```

    location ~ \.(js|css|png|jpg|gif|swf|ico|pdf|mov|fla|zip|rar|jpeg)$ {

```
 
```
```
        expires max;
```
```
 
```
```
        access_log off;
```
```
 
```
```
        try_files $uri =404;
```
```
 
```
```
    }
```
```
 
```
```
}
```

使用 Nginx 缓存加速 WordPress 博客站点

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使用 Nginx 缓存加速 WordPress 博客站点

使用 Nginx 缓存加速 WordPress 博客站点

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